[ExecuTorch][WebGPU] Add optimized gelu op by JCNTH · Pull Request #20843 · pytorch/executorch

JCNTH · 2026-07-10T18:24:23Z

Stack from ghstack (oldest at bottom):

Adds the gelu activation to the WebGPU backend. GELU is the feed-forward (MLP) activation in the vision and VLM transformer blocks this backend targets — the Florence-2 DaViT encoder, BART, and the Whisper/Voxtral stacks — so it is on the critical path for delegating those models without graph breaks.

Problem — The WebGPU backend had no aten.gelu.default kernel, so any model whose FFN uses GELU could not be fully delegated. PyTorch's default is the exact (erf) formulation, and the target encoders use it; the tanh approximation must also be supported.

Solution

Before: aten.gelu.default was unsupported — no kernel, forcing a partition break around every GELU.
After: a single gelu.wgsl computes GELU on the GPU. The exact (erf) vs tanh choice is resolved by compiling the matching entry point (main_erf / main_tanh) into the pipeline, so each dispatch runs only its own formula — no per-invocation select() and no double-eval of both branches.

Implementation

1D dispatch with one thread per 4 elements: a vec4 body + scalar-tail idiom loads up to 4 elements via select()-guarded scalar reads, computes GELU as one vec4<f32> op, and scatters back only the in-bounds lanes — so arbitrary FFN widths that are not a multiple of 4 are handled without a separate remainder pass.
The erf path uses the Abramowitz & Stegun 7.1.26 rational approximation (max abs err ~1.5e-7); the tanh path uses the clamped 0.5*x*(1+tanh(...)) form.
The approximate arg (args[1]: "none" selects erf, anything else selects tanh) picks the entry point at build time through the shared utils::make_compute_pipeline; workgroup size comes from utils::clamp_workgroup_size, the dispatch count from utils::compute_1d_workgroup_count, and the uniform from utils::make_uniform.
Mirrors Vulkan backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/UnaryOp.cpp (its gelu handler; args[1] is the approximate string). Note the WebGPU kernel additionally implements the exact/erf path, which the Vulkan handler does not currently support.

Constraints — fp32 only (both operands must be 4-byte aligned, enforced in the handler); input and output must have identical byte size; 1D dispatch only (throws if the workgroup count would exceed the 65535 cap). Element count need not be a multiple of 4 (scalar tail); static shape (no resize hook).

Co-authored-with: Claude Code.
@exported-using-ghexport

Differential Revision: D110836674

[ghstack-poisoned]

pytorch-bot · 2026-07-10T18:24:33Z

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github-actions · 2026-07-10T18:25:46Z

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Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * __->__ #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `addmm` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the `addmm` op — keeping an op and its tests in separate diffs (op below, tests above) per this backend's convention. Adds `test/ops/test_addmm.py` and registers the `addmm` `@register_op_test` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072709](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072709/) Differential Revision: [D111072709](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072709)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * __->__ #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Adds `aten.constant_pad_nd.default` to the WebGPU backend, unblocking the DaViT window-padding path in vision models.** **Problem** — the backend had no `constant_pad_nd` handler, so any graph that pads a tensor (e.g. DaViT's window partitioning) could not fully delegate to WebGPU and threw at runtime. **Solution** — a single gather/fill compute kernel: Before — no handler; `aten.constant_pad_nd.default` unsupported at runtime. After — one thread per output element gathers the source element when its coordinates land inside the input, otherwise writes the constant fill `value`. **Implementation**: - The handler right-aligns the (rank 1..4) dims into fixed `vec4<u32>` params (`out_dims`, `in_dims`, `left`); leading slots get extent 1 / pad 0, so the WGSL is rank-agnostic and always iterates 4 dims. - The `pad` `IntList` is reversed-dim (innermost-first `(left, right)` pairs); the handler expands it to per-dim `left`/`right`, then validates `out.dims[d] == in.dims[d] + left[d] + right[d]` before any buffer allocation (loud-fail, no leak-on-throw). - The kernel decodes each output element's 4D coords (last dim fastest), subtracts each dim's `left` pad as an unsigned wrapping subtract (a negative coord wraps to a huge value and is rejected by the `< in_dims` bound check); if all four coords are in-bounds it copies `inp[flat_in]`, else it writes `value` — a pure copy/fill, so bit-exact. - The fill `value` is read via `utils::scalar_or` (a `Scalar` may serialize as `Int` or `Double`), defaulting to `0`. - Adaptive 1D->2D dispatch via `utils::compute_dispatch_grid` (workgroup size clamped to the device max, up to 256, plus a 2D spill past the 65535 workgroup-count ceiling; the `stride_x` override lets the shader decode `i = gid.y*stride_x + gid.x`). - Mirrors Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/Pad.cpp` (same reversed-dim `(before, after)` pad convention and `constant_pad_nd` resize logic). **Constraints** — fp32 only (`nbytes == numel*4` guard); rank 1..4; `pad` must be even-length and no longer than the rank; the output element count must fit `u32` (`<= 2^32`). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836672](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836672/) Differential Revision: [D110836672](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836672)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * __->__ #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `constant_pad_nd` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the `constant_pad_nd` op — keeping an op and its tests in separate diffs (op below, tests above) per this backend's convention. Adds `test/ops/test_constant_pad_nd.py` and registers the `constant_pad_nd` `@register_op_test` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072712](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072712/) Differential Revision: [D111072712](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072712)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * __->__ #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Adds `aten.upsample_nearest2d.vec` to the WebGPU backend, enabling the SAM2/SAM3 pixel-decoder / FPN nearest-neighbour upsample path.** **Problem** — nearest-neighbour 2D upsample (`F.interpolate(..., mode="nearest")`) had no WebGPU kernel, blocking the FPN 2x upsample chain in the SAM2/SAM3 pixel decoder. **Solution** — Before — no handler; `aten.upsample_nearest2d.vec` unsupported. After — one thread per output element `(n, c, oh, ow)` maps back to its nearest source pixel and copies it. **Implementation**: - The kernel computes the source index with ATen's legacy nearest formula `ih = floor(oh*IH/OH)`, `iw = floor(ow*IW/OW)` (integer division), then copies `inp[((n*C+c)*IH+ih)*IW+iw]` — a plain NCHW row-major gather, bit-exact. - `OH`/`OW` are taken from the output tensor's own dims (not re-derived from the `size`/`scale` args), and the handler validates that `N`/`C` match between input and output. - Adaptive 1D->2D dispatch via `utils::compute_dispatch_grid` (workgroup size clamped to the device max, up to 256, plus a 2D spill past the 65535 ceiling; `stride_x` decode). - Divergence from Vulkan (intentional): this does NOT mirror Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/Upsample.cpp`, which computes the source index with the half-pixel-center reciprocal-scale formula. Half-pixel-center is correct for bilinear but wrong for non-exact nearest; the ATen `nearest_neighbor_compute_source_index` (`UpSample.h`) `floor(oh*IH/OH)` form is the one that matches PyTorch's `mode="nearest"`. The two agree on exact-integer ratios (e.g. 2x) but diverge on non-integer ratios (e.g. 5->8), which the op-test's `non_2x_ratio` case pins down. **Constraints** — fp32 only; 4D NCHW input and output; `nearest` mode only; non-zero spatial dims; the output element count must fit `u32`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836668](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836668/) Differential Revision: [D110836668](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836668)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * __->__ #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `upsample_nearest2d` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the `upsample_nearest2d` op — keeping an op and its tests in separate diffs (op below, tests above) per this backend's convention. Adds `test/ops/test_upsample_nearest2d.py` and registers the `upsample_nearest2d` `@register_op_test` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072707](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072707/) Differential Revision: [D111072707](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072707)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * __->__ #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Adds `aten.max_pool2d_with_indices.default` to the WebGPU backend, enabling the SAM2 Hiera q_pool path (values, with optional indices).** **Problem** — max pooling (`F.max_pool2d`, which decomposes to `max_pool2d_with_indices`) had no WebGPU kernel, blocking the SAM2 Hiera `q_pool` downsampling stages. **Solution** — Before — no handler; the multi-output `max_pool2d_with_indices` unsupported. After — one thread per output element `(n, c, oh, ow)` gathers its pooling window and writes the max (and, when the graph requests them, the argmax indices). **Implementation**: - The kernel iterates the `kH x kW` window with general `stride`/`padding`/`dilation`, skips out-of-range (padding) cells, and tracks the running max; `best` initialises to `-3.4e38` (a large finite negative, because Dawn/Tint rejects the exact `-FLT_MAX` literal). - Argmax is ALWAYS tracked; a `write_indices` override (a compile-time spec constant) gates only the final `out_idx` store, so the values-only and with-indices paths run one shader and stay bit-identical on `out_vals`. Indices are the flat `ih*IW+iw` spatial-plane offset (matching `torch.nn.functional.max_pool2d(return_indices=True)`, not an absolute NCHW offset). - The out is a `ValueList` `[values, indices]`; when indices are not requested the handler binds a tiny dummy storage buffer to slot 3 (the shader never writes it) rather than allocating a real indices tensor — mirroring the `dummy_affine` pattern in `NativeLayerNorm.cpp`. When indices ARE requested it validates that the indices tensor is `int32` (4 bytes/elem) and shares the values shape, else throws (the kernel writes `i32`, so an `int64` indices tensor would mis-stride the write). - The handler parses `kernel_size`/`stride`/`padding`/`dilation` via `utils::parse_hw` (a single value broadcasts to both spatial dims; `stride` defaults to `kernel_size` when empty), derives `OH`/`OW` from the pooling formula, and validates them against the serialized values output (loud-fail on a `ceil_mode` / layout mismatch). - Adaptive 1D->2D dispatch via `utils::compute_dispatch_grid`. - Mirrors Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/Pool.cpp` (the `ValueList[values, indices]` shape, the `write_indices` spec constant, unconditional argmax tracking, and 32-bit indices despite ATen's int64 schema). **Constraints** — fp32 values; 4D NCHW; general `kernel`/`stride`/`padding`/`dilation`; `ceil_mode` unsupported (the output-shape validation assumes floor); the optional indices output must be `int32`; the output element count must fit `u32`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836680](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836680/) Differential Revision: [D110836680](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836680)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * __->__ #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `max_pool2d` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the `max_pool2d` op — keeping an op and its tests in separate diffs (op below, tests above) per this backend's convention. Adds `test/ops/test_max_pool2d.py` and registers the `max_pool2d` `@register_op_test` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072724](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072724/) Differential Revision: [D111072724](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072724)

…s make_compute_pipeline) (#20863) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * __->__ #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Adds `relu` to the WebGPU backend via a shared elementwise-unary handler.** ReLU is on the SAM2/SAM3 mask-decoder MLP path, so it is needed to delegate those decoders. **Problem** — The backend had no `aten.relu.default` kernel, and `sigmoid` (the only prior unary op) built its compute pipeline inline rather than through the shared helper — duplicating the bind-group/dispatch boilerplate that a second unary op would repeat. **Solution** - Before: `sigmoid` was implemented with a bespoke inline pipeline; there was no `relu`. - After: a single generic `add_unary_op` helper (in `runtime/ops/sigmoid/UnaryOp.cpp`) builds the input/output/params binding and dispatch for any elementwise-unary WGSL; `sigmoid_impl` and the new `relu_impl` are thin wrappers over it, so `sigmoid` now goes through the same `utils::make_compute_pipeline` path as `relu`. `relu.wgsl` is a one-element-per-thread `output[idx] = max(input[idx], 0.0)`. **Implementation** - `add_unary_op(graph, in, out, wgsl_source, wg_size_x, op_name)` centralizes: the fp32/4-byte-alignment and same-size guards, `utils::clamp_workgroup_size` + `utils::compute_1d_workgroup_count` for the 1D dispatch, the `wg_size` override constant, the uniform (`num_elements`) via `utils::make_uniform`, and the three-binding pipeline via `utils::make_compute_pipeline`. - Dynamic shapes are supported: a `graph.add_tensor_resize_hook` recomputes `num_elements`, rewrites the uniform via `wgpuQueueWriteBuffer`, and updates the dispatch's workgroup count for the live shape; the graph owns the uniform buffer so the hook can rewrite it. - Both ops self-register: `aten.sigmoid.default -> sigmoid_impl` and `aten.relu.default -> relu_impl`. - Mirrors Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/UnaryOp.cpp` (`add_unary_op_node`); Vulkan expresses `relu` as `clamp(0, inf)`, whereas this kernel uses a direct `max(x, 0.0)`. **Constraints** — fp32 only (both operands 4-byte aligned); input and output must have identical byte size (same-shape elementwise); 1D dispatch only (throws past the 65535 workgroup cap). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836664](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836664/) Differential Revision: [D110836664](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836664)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * __->__ #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `relu` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the `relu` op — keeping an op and its tests in separate diffs (op below, tests above) per this backend's convention. Adds `test/ops/test_relu.py` and registers the `relu` `@register_op_test` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072725](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072725/) Differential Revision: [D111072725](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072725)

…y/alias glue (#20865) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * __->__ #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Hardens `slice_copy` scalar-arg decoding against edge-dialect `Double`-serialized indices and adds the `view_copy` / `alias` / `clone` reshape pass-throughs needed for graph glue.** **Problem** — two graph-glue gaps: (1) the edge dialect sometimes serializes an integer `slice` index (`dim` / `start` / `end` / `step`) as a floating-point `Double` (e.g. a `0` start), which the `slice` handler rejected as unsupported; (2) contiguous reshape / aliasing ops (`view_copy`, `alias_copy`, `clone`, `_clone_dim_order`) had no handler, breaking otherwise-delegatable subgraphs. **Solution** — Before — a `Double`-typed slice index threw, and reshape/alias ops had no handler. After — `slice_copy` scalar reads accept an integral `Double` (truncating to the int index) and reject only a genuinely fractional one, while `SymInt` (dynamic start/end) and `Null` (default) still resolve as before; and `view_copy` / `alias_copy` / `clone` / `_clone_dim_order` all lower to a single contiguous flat copy (or an in-place no-op when input and output alias the same buffer). **Implementation**: - `read_scalar` (`dim` / `step`) and `read_index` (`start` / `end`) switch on the value type: `Int` (`INT64_MAX` -> default), `Double` -> truncated int iff it round-trips (`static_cast<int64_t>(d)` back to `d`) else throw `"non-integral ..."` (NaN and out-of-`int64`-range doubles are rejected before the cast, since casting them is UB), `Null` -> default; `read_index` additionally resolves a `SymInt` via `read_symint`. - The slice kernel is an index gather: `out_bufi -> in_bufi` by walking per-dim strides, with the sliced dim's input coord `= start + coord*step`; dynamic `start` / `end` / `SymInt` are handled by a resize hook that recomputes the live `out[dim]` length (ceiling division) and rewrites the meta/params uniforms plus the dispatch count (mirrors Vulkan `resize_slice_copy_node`). - `add_flat_copy` (shared by all the reshape/alias ops) type-checks both args are tensors, guards 4-byte alignment and equal `nbytes` (a view preserves `numel`, so this also prevents an OOB copy), then either skips the copy when `in.buffer == out.buffer` (aliased, already in place; `CopyBufferToBuffer` rejects `src == dst`) or emits a buffer-to-buffer copy; a resize hook keeps the live output shape and copy byte-count in sync under dynamic shapes. - `_clone_dim_order` ignores its `dim_order` arg (the AOT pass elides it via shape and dtype). - Mirrors Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/Slice.cpp` (`normalize_idx` / `INT64_MAX` default and the ceiling-division length) and `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/View.cpp` (the `view_buffer` no-remap contiguous reshape). **Constraints** — fp32 (4-byte-aligned) operands; `slice` requires `step >= 1` and an in-range `dim`; a fractional `Double` index is a hard error, not truncated; `view` / `alias` / `clone` require equal input/output `numel` (contiguous reshape only, no layout remap). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836670](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836670/) Differential Revision: [D110836670](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836670)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * __->__ #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `SliceDoubleStart` native golden test into its own diff, stacked directly above the `slice_copy` / `view_copy` glue op (op below, tests above). Adds the double-start slice regression case to `test/test_webgpu_native.cpp`, covering an edge-dialect-serialized Double-typed slice `start` argument. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072708](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072708/) Differential Revision: [D111072708](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072708)

… for channel attention (15-30x faster) (#20871) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * __->__ #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Problem:** the fused `et_vk.sdpa` QK kernel runs one thread per (b,h,s) row with vec4 loads — ideal for standard attention, but on channel attention (DaViT/Florence, where `S_q = head_dim ~= 32`) `num_rows = B*H*S_q` is tiny, so only a handful of workgroups run serially over a huge `S_kv*D`, starving the GPU (the (2,1,1)@103ms dispatch). **Solution:** add a per-entry QK kernel (one thread per (b,h,s,c) attention entry, 2D-folded) and host-route to it when `num_rows` is below an occupancy floor (4096); standard attention keeps the per-row + vec4 path unchanged. **Before:** `et_vk_sdpa_qk` (per-row, vec4) — the only QK kernel; channel-attn shapes are occupancy-starved. **After:** router picks `et_vk_sdpa_qk_entry` (per-entry, scalar, 2D-folded) for small `num_rows`, else the unchanged per-row kernel. **Implementation:** - New `et_vk_sdpa_qk_entry.wgsl` (+ generated header) — same bindings and `Params` as the per-row kernel, so it is a drop-in under `layout:"auto"`; writes a layout-identical `attn[B,H,S_q,S_kv]` (`attn[idx]`), so softmax/AV are unchanged and either branch is numerically correct — the floor is a pure perf knob. - `EtVkSdpa.cpp` selects the shader and a 2D dispatch (`compute_2d_workgroup_count`, mirroring the softmax grid) when routed, else the existing 1D per-row dispatch; the grid + dispatch-limit check is computed up front (throw before any buffer alloc -> no leak). - Mirrors the codebase's host shape-router precedents (`LinearFp32.cpp` `K%4` vec4 selection, `Sdpa.cpp` variant selection). **Constraints:** per-entry drops vec4, so it only wins when the per-row path is occupancy-starved (small `num_rows`); the 4096 floor is Canary-tuned. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110994975](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110994975/) Differential Revision: [D110994975](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110994975)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * __->__ #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the channel-attention routing case out of the `et_vk.sdpa` per-entry-QK op diff into its own test diff, stacked directly above it (op below, tests above). Adds the `chattn_davit` case to the `et_vk_sdpa` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`, exercising the per-entry QK kernel path (num_rows below the per-row floor). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072706](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072706/) Differential Revision: [D111072706](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072706)

…rough an im2col tiled GEMM (1.1-2.4x) (#20873) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * __->__ #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Problem:** the direct conv2d kernel runs one thread per output element and re-reads the input receptive field from global memory for every output — zero cross-thread reuse. For the patch-embed stem (3-channel RGB) the vec4-over-IC path is inert (icpg=3 fails the `%4` gate), so it runs the scalar direct path with no reuse at all. **Solution:** route groups==1 non-transposed convs through an implicit-im2col tiled GEMM that reuses the linear tiled-GEMM skeleton — M=OC, N=B*OH*OW, K=IC*KH*KW; shared-memory 32x32 tiles + 4x4 register blocking; the input is im2col-sampled on the fly (out-of-range -> 0.0 implements padding). Grouped/depthwise/transpose stay on the direct/gather kernels. **Before:** every conv -> direct kernel (scalar, or vec4-over-IC when icpg%4==0), no input reuse. **After:** groups==1 -> `conv2d_gemm` (shared-mem tiling + register blocking, input-tile reuse across output positions); grouped/transpose -> unchanged. **Implementation:** - New `conv2d_gemm.wgsl` (+ generated header): forks `linear_fp32_tiled.wgsl` — `read_a` loads the weight `[OC, K]`, `read_b` im2col-samples the input (decodes n->(b,oh,ow), kk->(ic,kh,kw); ih=oh*sH-pH+kh*dH; bounds-check->0), bias per-row (OC), output written NCHW. Reuses the existing `ConvParams` uniform. - `Conv2d.cpp` branches on `groups==1`: GEMM via `compute_tile_grid_2d` + `add_dispatch_2d` (mirrors `LinearFp32.cpp`); else the existing direct dispatch. The grouped path is byte-identical; both grids are computed before any buffer alloc (throw-before-leak). Mirrors Vulkan's own `should_use_conv2d_im2col` groups==1 routing. **Constraints:** scalar GEMM (no vec4) — NCHW's channel stride isn't contiguous, so vec4-over-K would be a strided gather (no compute win on Apple's scalar ALU); ORT skips vec4 for NCHW too. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110995347](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110995347/) Differential Revision: [D110995347](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110995347)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * __->__ #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the im2col-GEMM routing cases out of the `conv2d` im2col-GEMM op diff into their own test diff, stacked directly above it (op below, tests above). Adds the `grouped_vec4` and `gemm_batched` cases to the `conv2d` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`, covering `groups==1` im2col-GEMM routing versus the direct vec4 / scalar kernels. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072713](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072713/) Differential Revision: [D111072713](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072713)

…lf RoPE runtime op (unblocks Qwen3) (#20875) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * __->__ #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Problem:** the WebGPU runtime registers only `et_vk.apply_rotary_emb` (the interleaved/Meta RoPE convention). HuggingFace-derived models (Qwen3, etc.) export the rotate-half convention, which fuses under VulkanPartitioner into `et_vk.apply_rotary_emb_hf` — an op the runtime graph builder has no handler for, so `WebGPUGraph::build()` throws and the delegate is rejected at load with `DelegateInvalidCompatibility` (et_load error 48). The whole model then fails to load on WebGPU. **Solution:** add the `et_vk.apply_rotary_emb_hf` runtime kernel + handler as a rotate-half sibling of the interleaved op. **Before:** only `apply_rotary_emb` (interleaved) is registered; HF-RoPE models throw at load. **After:** both conventions are handled; HF-RoPE models (Qwen3) load and run. **Implementation:** - New `rotary_embedding_hf.wgsl`: one thread per (i, i+half_dim) pair (rotate-half pairing vs the interleaved even/odd), reading a full `[max_seq, rotary_dim]` freqs table indexed at row `start_pos + s`. Scalar, `wg_size` 64 — structural + optimization parity with the interleaved kernel (RoPE is ~1% of runtime; vec4 is neutral for this elementwise-class op on Apple's scalar ALU). - `RotaryEmbedding.cpp`: `apply_rotary_emb_hf_impl` mirrors the interleaved handler; it parses the extra `start_pos` arg as a build-time Int (baked) or a runtime SymInt (dynamic KV-cache decode) exactly as `Sdpa.cpp` handles `input_pos`, and registers a seq resize hook (xq/xk) plus a start_pos resize hook (dynamic decode). Full rotary only (`rotary_dim == head_dim`); partial-rotary passthrough throws (documented follow-up; Qwen3 uses full RoPE). Mirrors Vulkan `et_vk.apply_rotary_emb_hf` (`backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/RotaryEmbedding.cpp`). - Registers `et_vk.apply_rotary_emb_hf.default`. **Constraints:** full rotary only for now; scalar one-thread-per-pair, kept at parity with the interleaved sibling rather than vec4 (neutral for RoPE per the closed vec4 sweep). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111009173](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111009173/) Differential Revision: [D111009173](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111009173)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * __->__ #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Splits the `apply_rotary_emb_hf` op tests into their own diff, stacked directly above the op (op below, tests above). Adds `test/ops/test_rope_hf.py`, the per-op export test for the HuggingFace rotate-half RoPE runtime op. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D111072714](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072714/) Differential Revision: [D111072714](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D111072714)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * __->__ #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Tests for `aten.sub.Tensor` broadcast** Adds op-test coverage for `aten.sub.Tensor`, stacked directly on the sub op diff (op below, tests above). `test/ops/test_sub.py` provides `SubModule` + `CONFIGS` (same-shape, the middle/spatial broadcast `[N,C,H,W] - [N,C,1,1]`, and an alpha != 1 case) plus the export-delegation smoke test; `test/op_tests/cases.py` registers the matching numeric suite (fp64 torch golden on Dawn, mirroring `_mul_suite`), with `alpha` baked into the `.pte` as a construct constant. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112378930](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378930/) Differential Revision: [D112378930](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378930)

…ic convert (#20987) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * __->__ #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Add `aten._to_copy.default` with int↔float numeric convert** **Problem:** The copy-family ops byte-copied across dtypes, so an int32 -> fp32 cast reinterpreted the raw bits — int32 `2` = `0x2` decodes as the fp32 denormal `2.8e-45` — producing wrong values (and div-by-~0 `inf` downstream). Separately, `aten._to_copy.default` was unregistered, so any delegate containing it failed to load. **Solution:** Add `add_to_copy_node`: same-dtype copies stay a flat byte copy, while int<->float copies run a numeric-convert compute shader (`f32(i32)` / `i32(f32)`). Register `aten._to_copy.default`, and route the dim-order copy ops (`dim_order_ops._clone_dim_order.default` / `._to_dim_order_copy.default`) through the same convert-aware path so an int<->float dim-order copy numeric-converts instead of byte-reinterpreting; `view_copy` / `clone` / `alias_copy` stay on the flat copy. Mirrors Vulkan `ToCopy.cpp` (BlitNode vs the view_convert path). **Implementation:** `runtime/ops/to_copy/{ToCopy.cpp,to_copy.h,to_copy_int_to_float.wgsl,to_copy_float_to_int.wgsl}` provide `add_to_copy_node` and register `aten._to_copy.default`; `runtime/ops/view_copy/ViewCopy.cpp` re-points the two dim-order copy ops at `add_to_copy_node`. One `WEBGPU_SRCS` entry. **Constraints:** 32-bit only (int64 constants are downcast to int32 by the Vulkan serializer); fails loud on any other element width. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112378932](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378932/) Differential Revision: [D112378932](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378932)

…ert (#20988) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * __->__ #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Tests for `aten._to_copy.default` int↔float convert** Adds `test/ops/test_to_copy.py`, stacked directly on the to_copy op diff (op below, tests above). Two export-delegation smoke tests (mirroring `test_view_copy.py`): int32 -> fp32 (input int `[1, 2, 3]`, the numeric-convert path) and fp32 -> fp32 (same-dtype flat copy, `copy=True` so the op is not elided). The int -> float value correctness — `[1, 2, 3]` -> `[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]`, NOT the bit-reinterpretation `0x1 -> 1.4e-45` — is checked by the lvp golden. Co-authored-with: Claude Code. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112378931](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378931/) Differential Revision: [D112378931](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112378931)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * __->__ #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Add `aten.leaky_relu.default` to the WebGPU backend** — the SRVGGNetCompact body activation in Real-ESRGAN x4plus super-resolution, so that model can fully delegate to the GPU. **Problem**: The WebGPU delegate had no `leaky_relu` handler, so a model using it could not produce a fully-delegated `.pte`. **Solution**: A scalar-parameter elementwise fp32 kernel computing `x >= 0 ? x : negative_slope * x`, with `negative_slope` carried in the uniform and a 2D-spill dispatch for tensors exceeding the 1D workgroup-count limit. **Implementation**: - `runtime/ops/leaky_relu/{LeakyRelu.cpp,leaky_relu.wgsl,leaky_relu_wgsl.h}` registering `aten.leaky_relu.default`; uses `utils::make_compute_pipeline` + `utils::compute_dispatch_grid`. - Mirrors the Vulkan `leaky_relu.default` delegate (scalar-in-uniform, like `pow.Tensor_Scalar`). - CMake `WEBGPU_SRCS` entry. **Constraints**: fp32-only — throws on non-fp32 or input/output size mismatch (fail-loud, never a silent zero output); no change to existing ops. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417289](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417289/) Differential Revision: [D112417289](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417289)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * __->__ #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Op-test suite for `aten.leaky_relu.default`** (stacked on the leaky_relu op diff). Adds the declarative op-test entry: `test/ops/test_leaky_relu.py` (`LeakyReluModule`) + a `@register_op_test("leaky_relu")` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py`. The framework exports each case via `VulkanPartitioner`, computes the fp64 torch golden, and compares the on-GPU output at `atol=rtol=1e-3`. Cases: `default_slope` (4D `[1,16,8,8]`, slope 0.01) + `slope_0_2` (2D `[3,32]`, slope 0.2). The deterministic input spans negatives so the `negative_slope` branch is exercised. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417280](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417280/) Differential Revision: [D112417280](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417280)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * __->__ #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Add `aten.upsample_bilinear2d.vec` to the WebGPU backend** — the bilinear resize on the Depth-Anything / DPT reassemble+fusion head, which upsamples the ViT patch grid back to image resolution. **Problem**: The WebGPU delegate had only nearest-neighbor upsample, so depth-estimation models using bilinear resize could not fully delegate to the GPU. **Solution**: A 4D NCHW fp32 kernel where each output pixel bilinearly interpolates its four source neighbors. `align_corners` selects the source-index formula (matching ATen `area_pixel_compute_source_index`); output H/W come from the output tensor's own dims. **Implementation**: - `runtime/ops/upsample_bilinear2d/{UpsampleBilinear2d.cpp,upsample_bilinear2d.wgsl,upsample_bilinear2d_wgsl.h}` registering `aten.upsample_bilinear2d.vec`; uses `utils::make_compute_pipeline` + `utils::compute_dispatch_grid` + `utils::make_grid_constants`. - Mirrors the Vulkan `upsample_bilinear2d.vec` delegate. - CMake `WEBGPU_SRCS` entry. **Constraints**: fp32-only, 4D in/out with N/C preserved — throws on rank/shape/dtype mismatch (fail-loud, never a silent zero output); no change to existing ops. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417281](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417281/) Differential Revision: [D112417281](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417281)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * __->__ #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Op-test suite for `aten.upsample_bilinear2d.vec`** (stacked on the upsample_bilinear2d op diff). Adds `test/ops/test_upsample_bilinear2d.py` (`UpsampleBilinear2dModule`) + a `@register_op_test("upsample_bilinear2d")` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py` (5 cases). Covers both `align_corners` branches and a non-integer ratio (5->8) that discriminates the two source-index formulas. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417283](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417283/) Differential Revision: [D112417283](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417283)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * __->__ #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Add `aten._native_batch_norm_legit_no_training.default` to the WebGPU backend** — inference batch norm on MODNet's decoder and CNN backbones. **Problem**: The WebGPU delegate had no batch-norm handler, so MODNet (background removal) and other CNN models could not fully delegate to the GPU. **Solution**: A 4D NCHW fp32 kernel applying the per-channel inference affine `y = (x - running_mean) / sqrt(running_var + eps) * weight + bias`. `weight`/`bias` are optional (affine=False → unit scale / zero shift), bound via `utils::make_optional_binding` with a dummy buffer when absent. **Implementation**: - `runtime/ops/batch_norm/{BatchNorm.cpp,batch_norm.wgsl,batch_norm_wgsl.h}` registering `aten._native_batch_norm_legit_no_training.default`; uses `utils::make_compute_pipeline` + `utils::make_optional_binding`. - Multi-output op: reads the `out` entry of the output ValueList (`save_mean`/`save_invstd` unused in inference). - Mirrors the Vulkan `_native_batch_norm_legit_no_training` delegate. - CMake `WEBGPU_SRCS` entry. **Constraints**: fp32-only, 4D in/out — throws on rank/shape/dtype mismatch (fail-loud); no change to existing ops. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417288](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417288/) Differential Revision: [D112417288](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417288)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * __->__ #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Op-test suite for `aten._native_batch_norm_legit_no_training.default`** (stacked on the batch_norm op diff). Adds `test/ops/test_batch_norm.py` (`BatchNorm2dModule` — `nn.BatchNorm2d.eval()` with deterministic running stats + affine) + a `@register_op_test("batch_norm")` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py` (3 cases). Covers affine + non-affine (optional weight/bias) and an odd H*W; only the populated `out` ValueList entry is compared (out_index 0). @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417282](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417282/) Differential Revision: [D112417282](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417282)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * #20996 * __->__ #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Add `aten.split_with_sizes_copy.default` to the WebGPU backend** — the split on YOLO's Detect head (separating the concatenated box / objectness / class predictions). **Problem**: The WebGPU delegate had no `split_with_sizes_copy`, so YOLO object-detection could not fully delegate to the GPU. **Solution**: Split `self` along `dim` into N contiguous chunks. Each chunk is a step-1 slice from the running offset, reusing the `slice.wgsl` gather kernel — one dispatch per output. Outputs arrive as a serialized ValueList. Each chunk writes its own distinct output buffer and reads only the shared input, so there is no cross-dispatch read-after-write hazard. **Implementation**: - `runtime/ops/split_with_sizes/SplitWithSizes.cpp` registering `aten.split_with_sizes_copy.default`; reuses `slice_wgsl.h` (no new shader). Uses `utils::make_compute_pipeline` (auto-derived bind-group layout) rather than hand-rolling the layout / pipeline / bind group. - Mirrors the Vulkan `split_with_sizes_copy` delegate. - CMake `WEBGPU_SRCS` entry. **Constraints**: fp32-only; `dim` normalized + range-checked; `outputs == sizes` count enforced (fail-loud). Reuses the `slice` op's `slice_wgsl.h`, so this diff stacks above `slice` and must land after it. No change to existing ops. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417284](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417284/) Differential Revision: [D112417284](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417284)

Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * #20868 * __->__ #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 **Op-test suite for `aten.split_with_sizes_copy.default`** (stacked on the split_with_sizes_copy op diff). Adds `test/ops/test_split_with_sizes_copy.py` (`SplitWithSizesModule` — `torch.split` by a size list) + a `@register_op_test("split_with_sizes_copy")` suite in `test/op_tests/cases.py` (3 cases: a 3-way channel split, a dim-0 split, and a last-dim split). Multi-output: the framework compares chunk 0 (out_index 0) while each case exercises all N per-chunk dispatches. `copy` is bit-exact, so the golden is float32. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D112417279](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417279/) Differential Revision: [D112417279](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D112417279)

…ipeline (#20868) Stack from [ghstack](https://github.com/ezyang/ghstack/tree/0.15.0) (oldest at bottom): * __->__ #20868 * #20996 * #20995 * #20994 * #20993 * #20992 * #20991 * #20990 * #20989 * #20988 * #20987 * #20986 * #20876 * #20875 * #20874 * #20873 * #20872 * #20871 * #20866 * #20865 * #20864 * #20863 * #20862 * #20861 * #20860 * #20859 * #20858 * #20857 * #20856 * #20855 * #20854 * #20852 * #20851 * #20850 * #20849 * #20848 * #20846 * #20845 * #20844 * #20843 * #20842 Route `add`, `mul`, `index`, `permute`, `select`, `slice`, `update_cache`, `rms_norm`, and `embedding_q4gsw` through the shared `utils::make_compute_pipeline` helper (which uses `layout:"auto"`), replacing each op's hand-written `WGPUBindGroupLayoutEntry[]` + pipeline-layout + bind-group boilerplate (~50-110 lines each) with a single helper call. The driver now derives the bind-group layout from the shader's statically-used bindings. Byte-behavior is preserved: identical binding indices/types/buffers/sizes, dispatch workgroup counts, resize hooks, and validations; override constants (`wg_size`) passed via the helper's `constants` param. Extends the Diff 1 layout:"auto" adoption to the trivial single-dispatch ops. @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836665](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836665/) Differential Revision: [D110836665](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836665)

Pull Request resolved: #20843 **Adds the `gelu` activation to the WebGPU backend.** GELU is the feed-forward (MLP) activation in the vision and VLM transformer blocks this backend targets — the Florence-2 DaViT encoder, BART, and the Whisper/Voxtral stacks — so it is on the critical path for delegating those models without graph breaks. **Problem** — The WebGPU backend had no `aten.gelu.default` kernel, so any model whose FFN uses GELU could not be fully delegated. PyTorch's default is the exact (erf) formulation, and the target encoders use it; the tanh approximation must also be supported. **Solution** - Before: `aten.gelu.default` was unsupported — no kernel, forcing a partition break around every GELU. - After: a single `gelu.wgsl` computes GELU on the GPU. The exact (erf) vs tanh choice is resolved by compiling the matching entry point (`main_erf` / `main_tanh`) into the pipeline, so each dispatch runs only its own formula — no per-invocation `select()` and no double-eval of both branches. **Implementation** - 1D dispatch with one thread per 4 elements: a vec4 body + scalar-tail idiom loads up to 4 elements via `select()`-guarded scalar reads, computes GELU as one `vec4<f32>` op, and scatters back only the in-bounds lanes — so arbitrary FFN widths that are not a multiple of 4 are handled without a separate remainder pass. - The erf path uses the Abramowitz & Stegun 7.1.26 rational approximation (max abs err ~1.5e-7); the tanh path uses the clamped `0.5*x*(1+tanh(...))` form. - The `approximate` arg (args[1]: "none" selects erf, anything else selects tanh) picks the entry point at build time through the shared `utils::make_compute_pipeline`; workgroup size comes from `utils::clamp_workgroup_size`, the dispatch count from `utils::compute_1d_workgroup_count`, and the uniform from `utils::make_uniform`. - Mirrors Vulkan `backends/vulkan/runtime/graph/ops/impl/UnaryOp.cpp` (its `gelu` handler; args[1] is the `approximate` string). Note the WebGPU kernel additionally implements the exact/erf path, which the Vulkan handler does not currently support. **Constraints** — fp32 only (both operands must be 4-byte aligned, enforced in the handler); input and output must have identical byte size; 1D dispatch only (throws if the workgroup count would exceed the 65535 cap). Element count need not be a multiple of 4 (scalar tail); static shape (no resize hook). Co-authored-with: Claude Code. ghstack-source-id: 405949686 @exported-using-ghexport Differential Revision: [D110836674](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D110836674/)

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JCNTH requested review from kirklandsign and larryliu0820 as code owners July 10, 2026 18:24

JCNTH temporarily deployed to cadence July 10, 2026 18:24 — with GitHub Actions Inactive

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[ExecuTorch][WebGPU] Add optimized gelu op#20843

[ExecuTorch][WebGPU] Add optimized gelu op#20843
JCNTH merged 6 commits into
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🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/20843

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